Drawing-roll.



E. KEMPSHA LL.

DRAWING ROLL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21 Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

V x t/t c/c Q after/nu UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE.

ELEAZER KEMPSHALL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO KEMPSHALL SUPPLY COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

DRAWING-ROLL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELEAZER KnMrsnALL, citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drawing-Rolls; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to drawing rolls for spinning machines.

Heretofore it has been the practice to construct drawing rolls of leather, fabric, rubber and other material, and in some cases these materials have been associated with each other in the manufacture of rolls. I have found, however, that because of the physical characteristics of the materials it is not only expensive to manufacture the rolls, but it is practically impossible to produce rolls which will last for any considerable time. Furthermore, in practice, the rolls known to me will in a short time wear on the periphery, and become concave. Then again, when several of these elements are combined to form a roll, the friction due to the operation of the roll, causes the parts to slip, and therefore destroys the utility of the roll,

In the manufacture of one, the most common form of roll, a piece of fabric is cemented to an iron core, and a cot of leather is slipped over the fabric for the thread to act on. In still another form, a rubber piece is applied to the fabric and then a leather cot is slipped over the rubber. In

' the first case, lumps of cement will adhere to the core and in time it forms a rough place in the fabric, with the result that in the operation of the roll, the periphery will become rough, and it is impossible to properly handle the thread. This is due to the fact that the fabric will not accommodate itself to the lumps, because of the lack of proper resiliency. In the second case, while the rubber will yield to accommodate the lumps of cement, it is practically impossible to rigidly hold the rubber and fabric together, hence the rubber slips on the fabric With the result that the roll is of no value,

even though it may be incased in leather. I have successfully overcome all these ditliculties by electing certain of the before mentloned materials and combining same with a v1ew of obtaining the necessary resihency and to also provide a proper base surface to receive the usual leather cot, whereby the latter will by frictron effectually grip the base, and absolutely prevent the cot slipping. In other words, I have found by actual experience, that rubber may be employed in the construction of drawing rolls, provided it is associated with other materials which, by their physical characteristics will protect the rubher, and at the same time, offset what I term the too free resiliency or rebound effect of the rubber. To this end, I calender a thin sheet of fabric with a thin layer of rubber, which is cemented to a hard core, and then slip an endless cot over the base, the cot frictionally engaging the rubber surface and tightly gripping the same. surface of the cot bears directly on the rubber surface, and because-of the physical characteristics of these two materials, the cot does not slip, even under the most adverse circumstances, and as the rubber is intimately associated with the fibers of the fabric, and as the latter is glued to the core, an absolutely tight connection is formed between the cot and the core, hence slipping of the cot is impossible.

My invention therefore aims to provide a resilient coating for a roll, which will possess all the essential characteristics of rubber, and at the same time, I am enabled to avoid all the difficulties incident to the use of rubber in 'the manufacture of cots.

This invention also relates to improvements in the specific construction and arrangement of parts and the combination of materials employed, which will be hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a roll constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the parts separated. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a section of the composite material. Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view of a roll before the cot is finally smoothed out.

The numeral 1 indicates a metal roll pro- The leather I vided with the usual trunnions 2. Around the periphery of the roll is cemented a composite piece of yielding material comprising in the instance shown, fabric and rubber. The rubber 4, is calendered on one surface of the fabric 5, to form a thin layer,

1 so that one side of the composite material is rubber and the opposite side is fabric. In this formation of the material the fibers of the fabric become intimately associated with the inner surface of the rubber as shown in Fig. 4, so that the two elements are essentially one. This material is elastic to a very limited degree, the fabric preventing the normal stretching of the rubber. While the degree of elasticity of the material, longitudinally and transversely, is extremely limited, the yielding propensity of the rubher in a right angular direction to the transverse and longitudinal directions, remains substantally normal, which is quite vital in the effectiveness of the invention when in practical use. lVhen the composite strip of material is'cemented to the metal core, the ends 77 are spaced apart to a very limited degree, as indicated at 8, in Fig. 5 which is of considerable importance when applying the cot, as will appear later on in this description. After the strip of composite material is applied the roll is placed between rotating rollers to hold the ends of the material in close contact with the metal While the cement is drying. After the cement sets, a thin endless leather cot 8 is forced over the composite material, the cot being of slightly less diameter than the normal diameter of the covered portion of the roll. Thus, when the cot is forced on the composite material, it is slightly compressed, which creates considerable friction against the inner surface of the cot, and serves as a means for binding the two elements together. It is at this point in the formation of the roll that the space 8, between the ends of the composite material is of importance. That is to say, because of the necessity of placing the composite material under compression to form a binder between it and the cot, provision must be made for the slight expansion of the rubber and fabric so as to make the finished roll periphery perfeet-1y smooth. When the cotis first applied, the periphery of the roll is slightly uneven, as the material does not uniformly compress in the operation of applying the cot, even though the space 8 may be slightly closed. Now to cure this defect, the roll provided with the cot is placed between two revolving weighted rollers, which will distribute the irregular portions of the composite material and spread them equally throughout the whole area of the circumference. This action stretches the rubber, and the latter being a part of the fabric, the latter is also stretched until the space 8 is as to form practically a unit.

completely closed, and the whole peripherical surface of the completed roll is absolutely uniform and symmetrical. This result cannot be obtained with the use of rubber alone, neither can it be obtained with fabric alone, nor can it be obtained by placing one over the other. It is essential that the physical makeup of the material be such that one element will cooperate with the other, so that when the rubber stretches, it will be held in place by the fabric and cot, and Will be set in a fixed position, yet the resiliency of the surface of a completed roll as a whole is maintained.

After the cot has been applied, the ends are trimmed, and closed in against the edge of the composite roll as shown at 10. This last step is quite essential, for it forms a complete closure for the rubber and thereby prevents the admissionof air, which deteriorates the rubber. Furthermore, the

closing of the ends of the cot serves to prehence the utility of the article is destroyed,

for it is of the utmost importance that the periphery be perfectly smooth. If lumps of cement form under the composite material, it will, of course, form a seat in the fabric the same as in the old form of rolls, due to the lack of proper resilience in the material. But the rubber coating will yield and accommodate the irregularity of the lump, and as the leather cot is pressing hard against .the rubber surface, the eflect of the slight distortion in the material is dissi ated, hence the peripherical surface is not a ected, and it remains perfectly smooth. While the rubber will yield to accommodate the lump, 1t mustbe understood that the resiliency of the rubber directly over the lump is in no way 1mpaired, for there is suflicientmaterial to preserve this characteristic of the material.

I place considerable importance in the use of fabric, rubber and leather in the formation of the roll. To employ rubber alone has been found to be wholly impracticable due to its too free tendency to yield and rebound, and to oflset this detrimental effect, I provide the fabric base. The latter. tends to cushion the rubber and therefore it is slow in its action, which is quite essentiahand to insure against slipping, I find it necessary that the rubber and fabric be so intimately associated After long and tedious practical demonstration, I have found that my composite material is the only practical and commercial one to use, for it meets all the requirements, and overcomes all the known difficulties. The leather will not slip on the live rubber surface, the physical characteristics of the two materials being such as to form a frictional grip, hence even if the cot be slightly too large, slippin is avoided, and as the rubber is protecte from the air, the life of a roll is materially prolonged. Another most important result I accomplish by employing a composite base is that when the cot, wears, another can be substituted. This is largely due to the fact that the rubber is protected, and does not mat, the pressure created by the thread passing on the roll simply causes the surface to yield, and after the pressure is removed, the parts assume normal position, so that the leather wears by constant friction with the thread. and in no way disturbs or affects the composite material.

What I claim is:

1. A drawing roll comprising a hard core,

' a layer of composite material on the hard core, the composite material comprising an inner layer of fabric, and an outer calendered layer of rubber, the fabric and rubber being intimately intermingled with each other and forming a single piece, and an endless leather cot fitting over and compressing the composite material, the leather contacting with the rubber and the outward expansion of the composite material serving to prevent the cot slipping.

2. A drawing roll comprising a hard core a layer of composite material on the hard core, the composite material comprising an inner layer of fabric, and an outer calendered layer of rubber, the fabric and rubber being intimately intermingled with each other and forming a single piece, and an endless leather cot fitting over and compressing the composite material, the leather contacting with the rubber and the outward expansion of the composite material serving to prevent the cot slipping, the ends of the cot being folded over and secured to the ends of the roll to inclose the rubber and prevent admission of air.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ELEAZER KEMPSHALL.

Witnesses:

EDWARD T. PIERCE, LOUISA B. BUSHNELL. 

